EUS­guided antegrade stenting for malignant jaundice following Roux­en­Y reconstruction: the treatment of multiple biliary strictures.

Multiple malignant biliary strictures are rare, and the application of multiple stents can achieve better drainage. EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) can be offered as an alternative technique when ERCP unsuccessful. We applied Endoscopic ultrasonic guided antegrade stenting technique to treat a case of multiple biliary strictures following Roux-en-Y reconstruction.

EUS-guided bridging technique for treatment of biliary-enteric anastomotic stenosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Biliary-enteric anastomotic stenosis is one of the main long-term complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy, with an incidence of 2%-8%. Although the relevant reports and studies are relatively few, the consequences such as biliary obstruction and refractory cholangitis seriously affect the quality of life of patients. In this case, the patient is not willing to receive conventional surgery again. This paper provides a bridge technique of EUS-guided Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) to treat biliary-enteric anastomotic stenosis and solve the problem of obstructive jaundice in the patient.

Transduodenal accessory papillary Rendezvous technique assisted ERCP in the treatment of severe pancreatic duct stenosis caused by chronic pancreatitis in children.

Chronic pancreatitis in children is an irreversible inflammatory disease, which can cause intractable abdominal pain and abnormal internal and external secretion function of the pancreas, seriously affecting the growth and development of children and the quality of life. ERCP has become the first choice because of its good effect and less trauma. However, the severe stenosis of pancreatic duct caused by chronic pancreatitis may make ERCP more difficult. Here we used the rendezvous technique to assist ERCP to complete the treatment of severe pancreatic duct stenosis and abdominal pain.

A whole new challenge: EUS-guided transhepatic antegrade stone removal (TASR) for the treatment of multiple choledocholithiasis after total gastrectomy.

EUS-TASR is a derivative of EUS-BD and serves as a remedy when ERCP fails. EUS-BD technology is commonly used in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract and pancreatic diseases with anatomical changes of the digestive tract. This article provides an experience of EUS-TASR and a new challenge in the treatment of common bile duct stones after total gastrectomy.

Endoscopic ultrasound combined with enteroscopy for bilioenterostomy stenosis after pancreatoduodenectomy. The first attempt of a two-person operation.

Bilioenterostomy stenosis is very challenging, and effective endoscopic treatment can prevent patients from undergoing surgery. We present a case of a patient with extremely narrow bilioenterostomy treated with simultaneous endoscopic ultrasonography and enteroscopy. It provides a new and feasible idea of endoscopic therapy for the treatment of such patients.

Radiosynthesis of [18F] N-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2-beta-Carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-Bromophenyl) Nortropane and the regional brain uptake in non human primate using PET.

A synthetic procedure for the preparation of [18F]FPCBT, an imaging agent for the dopamine transporter (DAT), has been developed. The radiosynthesis was carried out in a two step procedure. Even though the yield was low, we were able to prepare 20 to 30 mCi of the product, which was enough for two or three studies. The radiochemical purity was greater than 96%. The in vivo properties of this radiotracer were evaluated using baboon and it showed highest uptake in the striatum. The studies also revealed that the maximum uptake was reached within 7 to 10 minutes post injection. Plasma metabolite analysis indicated that there is only one metabolite and it is less lipophilic than the parent compound. [18F]FPCBT displayed good brain uptake and its high target to non target ratio indicate that it is a potential candidate for DAT imaging.

Increase in prefrontal cortex serotonin 2A receptors following estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of estrogen on brain serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptors in postmenopausal women and whether there was any correlation of receptor changes with cognition and mood. METHOD: Ten postmenopausal subjects underwent positron emission tomography measurements of 5-HT(2A) receptor binding with [(18)F]deuteroaltanserin before and after estrogen replacement therapy. RESULTS: 5-HT(2A) receptor binding was significantly increased after estrogen replacement therapy in the right prefrontal cortex (right precentral gyrus [Brodmann's area 9], inferior frontal gyrus [Brodmann's area 47], medial frontal gyrus [Brodmann's area 6, 10] and the anterior cingulate cortex [Brodmann's area 32]). In the inferior frontal gyrus [Brodmann's area 44]), receptor up-regulation was correlated with change in plasma estradiol. Verbal fluency and Trail Making Test performance, but not mood, were significantly improved by estrogen without correlation with receptor changes. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen increases 5-HT(2A) receptor binding in human prefrontal regions.